Word: belief
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Alfred Kazin suggests that "at bottom Steinbeck's gift was not so much a literary resource as a distinctively harmonious and pacific view of life. The Depression naturalists saw life as one vast Chicago slaughterhouse, a guerrilla war, a perpetual bombing raid. Steinbeck had picked up a refreshing belief in human fellowship and courage: he had learned to accept the rhythm of life...
Stiff Party Rule. The most prevalent belief in Czechoslovakia is that the long, slow campaign of resistance since August has finally had an effect on national politics. The country's strength, say insiders, lies in an expanding axis of students, workers and intellectuals, who staged meetings, sit-ins and work stoppages to protest the Central Committee's announced intention of returning the country to stiff party rule. Not even optimists are convinced that, in the end, their pressure can reverse Russia's considerable success in crushing Dubcek's reforms. But for the time being, at least...
...classified as a conscientious objector, a man need not be a Quaker, a Mennonite, or a member of some other sect that opposes war as a matter of religious conviction. Instead, a federal law exempts from active military duty anyone who cannot serve because of "religious training and belief." In amending the law last year, Congress struck out the requirement that such a belief be "in a relation to a Supreme Being." In view of this, could an atheist-a person who expressly disavows faith in God -be excused as an objector...
...told his draft board that he was an athe ist. He was denied that classification, and in August was charged with being a draft dodger. Though raised as a Jew-his Orthodox grandfather was a C.O.-Shacter claimed to have his own re ligious faith, based on the belief that "man's mortal soul is the most perfect element in the cosmos." He declared that he could not serve in the Army, because to kill another person "is a sin that no man can endure." But he also admitted that "I do not believe in any being superior...
Influenced by Training. Acquitting Shacter of the charge, Judge Alexander Harvey II declared that his beliefs were clearly "a product of a faith." Harvey pointed out that Shacter was strongly influenced by his early training in Judaism, and indeed had used such religious words as sacred and holy entity. Thus, said the judge, the ruling was consistent with the opinion in the 1965 U.S. Supreme Court case of U.S. v. Seeger. In that decision, Justice Tom Clark broadly interpreted the test of religious belief. To qualify as a C.O., wrote Clark, a man's convictions must be "sincere...