Word: berbers
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Even General de Gaulle has been stirred to offer a "solution" for Algeria. De Gaulle's plan: partition the country into ethnic communities (French, Berber, Arab, etc.) in a "mutation of empire" where the "autonomy would be great but the framework rigid," the whole to be part of a "French ensemble." Such a solution would probably have to be imposed, since the National Liberation Front demands recognition of Algeria's complete independence as the first condition of an armistice. But France, which has sent 700,000 troops to Algeria since the war began and is spending over...
Whenever the Sultan showed signs of obduracy. El Glaoui would summon Berber horsemen down from the hills to surround the Arab towns in ragged but menacing array. In 1951, Juin forced a showdown, demanding that the Sultan condemn the Istiqlal and fire all nationalists from the government. Berber horsemen headed for Rabat, and Juin had a plane waiting at the airport to carry Mohammed V to exile if he balked. Glumly, Mohammed V capitulated; he denounced "violence," but he refused to condemn the Istiqlal. To Juin, it was clear that Mohammed would have...
...sons or retainers, and the nationwide judiciary reform, which ruled that caids must be replaced by government-appointed judges, struck at the roots of tribal power. When the national government sent inspectors and emissaries, Addi jailed a few. He rejected a summons to Rabat and began assembling his Berber warriors...
...learned that a new government appointed judge was on his way to Tafilalet. The judge arrived by air in Midelt, a mountain village built around an old red clay crenelated fortress in a cedar forest below the snow-capped Atlas peaks. Addi gave the signal, and some 3,000 Berber horsemen clad in white-and-brown burnooses swept down on Midelt. They quickly surrounded the fortress, captured the Rabat-appointed judge and 18 local policemen...
...that Addi ou Bihi had been fired from the governership and that "anyone who continues to obey him will be considered a traitor to Islam." That did it. Two battalions of the royal Moroccan army, plowing through 150 miles of snow-covered mountain roads, found the old hawk-nosed Berber chieftain camped in the cedar forest with only 200 warriors still standing beside him. "Présentez armes!" cried Addi. The ..warriors snapped to attention, then let their rifles fall to the ground, a symbol of surrender. The ceremony was followed by an ample lunch, attended by Addi...