Word: bergius
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...resource-poor nations like Germany and Italy, a large part of war science is concerned with the invention and manufacture of Ersatz or substitute foods and synthetic materials. Germany's brilliant chemist, Friedrich Bergius, 54, who a quarter-century ago conceived the hydrogenation process for making gasoline from coal, is likely to be one of the most useful men in warring Germany, and one of the most hated by those who have to eat his Ersatz foods. From sawdust Bergius has extracted a digestible sugar, equal in food value to barley. Of the sawdust 60% to 65% becomes sugar...
...young Bergius conceived the idea of making motor fuel from coal by hydrogenation under high heat and heavy pressure. Over the following two decades he and other chemists in Germany, Britain and Canada converted the idea into an industrial fact. Finely powdered coal is made into a paste by mixing with tar or a tar derivative, the mixture fed into a heavy steel cylinder. At 840° F, hydrogen gas is brought in under 3,700 Ib. per sq. in. pressure. The hydrogen combines with the carbon or carbon compounds in the coal...
Last week Dr. Bergius, bald and 52, was spotlighted in Pittsburgh at the convention of the American Chemical Society...
...industrial chemist, Friedrich Bergius was born in what is now the Polish Corridor, became assistant to Fritz Haber who won a Nobel Prize for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. Bergius himself was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1931, now lives at Heidel- berg in close touch with its university...
Last week busy Nobelist Bergius bustled from Pittsburgh to Cambridge, Mass, to address the Harvard Tercentenary Conference on Arts & Sciences which got under way last fortnight (TIME, Sept. 14), continucd last week. At Cambridge, without going into much detail as to method, the German declared that he is getting a digestible sugar, equal in food value to barley, from sawdust, which is mostly a waste product or burned as an inferior fuel in lumber mills. Of the sawdust 60% to 65% becomes sugar, 5% acetic acid, 30% lignin which again can be used to make charcoal or wallboard. The sugar...