Word: berio
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...theory behind chance compositions is that they make members of the audience participants in the music. Modern audiences, points out Italian Composer Luciano Berio. too often regard music "as escape from reality." Because aleatory music is designed to surprise everybody-including the performers and the composer himself-it "gives doubt to the public," making the audience "part of the composition." Cage carried this concept to its illogical conclusion in his 4 Minutes and 33 Seconds, in which a pianist sat with a stop watch for four minutes and 33 seconds without playing a note, while the audience provided the "music...
...most imaginative and most pleasing works were by the two Italian composers represented on the program, Silvano Busoti and Luciano Berio. Berio, who is a former student of Luigi Dallapicoola, is particularly concerned with the musical possibilities of the spoken word. His Circles is based on three poems by E. E. Cummings, all three of which (and especially the last--"n (o) w the how dis(appeared cleverly) world...") are admirably suited to his purpose. Everything in the piece serves to emphasize the voice--the stylized movements of the singer, Miss Cathy Berberian who dashes through the musicians like...