Word: berlins
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...that pledge with an eight-day working trip to Western Europe. He has had no official contact with Western Europe since 1960, and no U.S. President has toured its capitals since 1963, when John Kennedy visited. The Continent Nixon will find is a very different place. In 1963, the Berlin Wall was still new; Charles de Gaulle had not yet challenged NATO; Konrad Adenauer still held sway in West Germany; the Viet Nam war had yet to poison the ambiance of European friendship for America. Europe was still united by fear of the Russians...
...most of these factors have changed. Western Europe is more restive, more independent-although the fear of Russia, which had markedly declined in recent years, was somewhat revived by Russia's invasion of Czechoslovakia. Last week the East Germans, backed by the Soviets, once more began harassing West Berlin. The provocation, they said, was Bonn's decision to have a new West German President selected in West Berlin on March 5 (see THE WORLD). By coincidence, Nixon's visit comes only a week before, though it was announced well after Berlin had begun to heat...
...military might. Chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger will meet the President at Wahn airport and take him by helicopter to his modernistic bungalow in the Palais Schaumburg park to begin their private talks unter vier Augen (among four eyes). From Bonn, Nixon will make the ritual visit to West Berlin, where John Kennedy made his historic "Ich bin ein Berliner" speech from the city hall steps in the spring of 1963. It will be a difficult act to follow. U.S. and German planners have scheduled Nixon's principal speech before solidly pro-American workers at the Siemens electrical factory. There...
...Presidential Assistant Henry Kissinger will go along, though Nixon aims to meet tête-aà-tête with the heads of government in Belgium, Britain, West Germany, Italy and France. He will also see Pope Paul VI in Rome, and make the ritual visit to West Berlin that has become almost compulsory. It will be the first European tour by a U.S. President since John Kennedy's triumphant swing in June...
...Western Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlevi from exile in Rome. The next year, when the regime of Guatemalan President Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán seemed increasingly proCommunist, the CIA stage-managed a civil war that ended in Arbenz's overthrow. CIA agents dug a tunnel from West to East Berlin that succeeded in intercepting Communist communications until it was discovered...