Word: bethlehem
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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Meantime Pennsylvania's Governor Earle was discontinuing the martial law by which he had closed Bethlehem's great Cambria plant in Johnstown. When it became apparent that the strike would not be settled by mediation. Governor Earle decided his enforced shut-down was no longer warranted. Having decided to permit the Bethlehem plant to reopen, having determined to prevent bloodshed by keeping State troopers on the scene, the Governor had only one course open: protect non-strikers from violence. Since law & order is seldom compatible with an effective strike, this "Labor Governor" too found himself in Labor...
With the United Mine Workers demonstration looming over the week end, Governor Earle had asked Bethlehem's President Grace to close down the Cambria Works in the interest of domestic tranquillity. Mr. Grace refused on the ground that "to close the plant would involve the admission on our part that the forces of law of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania are powerless to protect our men in the exercise of their right to work. We cannot assume the grave responsibility of making such an admission." If the plant had to be closed, said Steelman Grace...
...Sunday to comply with the shut-down order. Nothing happened. Forthwith the colonel posted troopers at the gates with instructions to allow no one to enter, though anyone was free to leave. Pennsylvania R.R. was forbidden to deliver inbound shipments. After an eleven-hour siege Bethlehem officially surrendered, under "duress" and still vigorously protesting the illegality of the Governor's action. The company was allowed to keep 900 men for maintenance and minimum operations in a few key divisions...
Stocks of the struck steel companies, however, suffered no more than others. Bethlehem was down from the year's high of $105.50 to $76.50 per share; Youngstown Sheet & Tube from $102 to $74.75; Republic from $47.25 to $31.25; Inland from $131.25 to $94.75. Yet U. S. Steel was also off from its high of $126.50 to $92.50 per share and Chrysler sold below $100 for the first time in more than a year. Most spectacular break was in Auburn Automobile, which crashed from $23 per share to $13.50 in four days...
...days later the official report to Congress by the Democratic National Committee revealed the names of several corporations with expensive bookish tastes -most of them also sellers of the kind of goods of which the Government buys quantities: Bethlehem Steel Co. (20 copies); Automatic Voting Machine Corp. (12); Monolith and Medusa Portland Cement Companies. Hammermill Paper Co. (10 each); California Portland Cement Co., Deere & Co. (8 each); The Carborundum Co., Inland Steel Co., Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp. (4 each). Other bibliophiles: Walter P. Chrysler (50 copies), Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen of North America, International Association of Machinists...