Word: bev
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...expenses may exceed four million dollars yearly. When in operation, the accelerator magnets consume 1034 kilowatts--the power required by 100 average American homes. Electrons travel 14,000 miles around the accelerator's ring of magnets in eight milliseconds, and emerge with an energy of six billion electron volts (BEV...
...example, most of the energy radiated in the C.E.A. occurs while the particles are increasing in energy from 5 to 6 bev. At 6 Bev, the electrons are losing 4.5 mev per turn. But should the energy of the particles be increased by only one-sixth, to 7 Bev, this energy loss would nearly double. As a result, power requirements for the accelerator would double-and in some systems quadruple...
...them. When electrons move in a magnetic field, they turn some of their energy into "synchrotron radiation" that shoots off like mud slinging off a wheel. The more energy they have, the more they radiate away. When they have been fattened to about 1 billion electron-volts (or 1 BEV, as physicists call it), they begin to radiate visible light. At 2 BEV, they radiate the more powerful ultraviolet rays. At 4 BEV, they radiate X rays, losing several million electron-volts of energy in one trip around the ring. A time will come when no amount of energy stuffed...
Probing the Unknown. Dr. Livingston, who collaborated as a graduate student with Nobel Prizewinner Ernest Lawrence to invent the first cyclotron, in 1930, points out that while the Cambridge electron accelerator does not approach the energy of the 30-BEV proton accelerator at Brookhaven, it has important special talents. Since its electron projectiles are very small compared with protons, they can be used to explore the unknown inner structure of both protons and neutrons. They generate beams of enormously powerful 6-BEV X rays, and these in turn can be used to explore matter. The same big X rays, which...
Just beyond the spark chamber, shielded by many feet of concrete and steel, curves the half-mile ring of Brookhaven's 30-bev (30 billion electron volts) synchrotron, world's largest atom smasher. If the physicists' calculations are correct, when the synchrotron goes into operation one of its products will be a vast number of neutrinos, snippets of energy powerful enough to penetrate the shielding and slip into the chamber, where they may be spotted by means of spark trails. Scientists expect to decipher the trails and learn some of the deepest secrets of the universe...