Word: bevatrons
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Physicists blame the tau-theta puzzle on the world's two most powerful atom-smashers, the Cosmotron at Brookhaven and the Bevatron at Berkeley, Calif. The atom-smashers have, in their few years of operation, raised more problems than they have solved. One of their most baffling stunts was to produce the K meson, a short-lived particle knocked out of atomic nuclei. In all significant ways K mesons are alike, but some of them, called "tau K mesons," decay into three pi mesons; others, called "theta K mesons," decay into only two pi mesons. For mathematical reasons which...
...lines described by Alvarez were photographs taken of a "bubble chamber" filled with liquid hydrogen in which high-speed particles made trails of tiny bubbles. When the chamber was bombarded by extremely powerful particles from the Berkeley bevatron, some of the tracks looked as if they were made by mu mesons, which are knocked out of the hearts of smashed atoms. A few of these tracks were peculiar; they had gaps in them that puzzled the scientists...
Particle Wanted. Dr. Alvarez, spokesman for the group who made the discovery, wants to make plain that catalytic mesons do not offer direct means for releasing fusion energy in commercial amounts. There is no dependable source of mesons at present except giant machines like the Berkeley bevatron. Worse still, mu mesons are short-lived, decaying into other particles in two-millionths of a second, so they have little time to act as catalysts. If a longer-lived particle could be found that does the catalytic service, the reaction would look promising indeed. The Russian physicist Artemy Alikhanian claims to have...
Like the identification nearly a year ago of the antiproton (TIME, Oct. 31), the work was done with the Berkeley Bevatron, the world's most powerful particle accelerator, and a long train of auxiliary apparatus. The Bevatron's beam of 6.2 billion-volt protons was shot into a beryllium target. Out of the target came a secondary beam of assorted atomic debris. The particles with a negative charge, separated from the rest by the Bevatron's strong magnetic field, were mostly mesons. Among them were a few antiprotons (negative protons) formed when the Bevatron's powerful...
...positive electrons exist, why not negative protons? Scientists searched for them for years in cosmic rays, but found only a few doubtful cases. They hoped to create them in the laboratory, but no existing cyclotron had enough power. It took the Berkeley Bevatron to create an antiproton out of energy. Like the positron, it, too, appears only paired with an ordinary proton, and destroys itself as soon as it collides with a proton...