Word: bhoodan
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...government-run industry, giant dams, and steel mills and machine-tool plants, has come to realize that industrialization is being dragged to a full stop by the deadweight of the impoverished villages. He went to Gangad to dramatize his full backing of Bhave's plans of Bhoodan (gifts of land) and Gramdan (pooling of all community resources) in the hope that they will build a future of healthy peasant cooperatives. Speaking to audiences of thousands, as he walked from city to village to city, Bhave expressed his idea in mathematical terms, saying that the people represent...
...acres actually redistributed. About half this amount has come from landlords in Bihar state, who have given Bhave large tracts of barren land, and thereby achieved a spurious odor of sanctity, while continuing to exploit tenants on their good land. Criticism of the muddled organization of Bhave's Bhoodan (land-gift) movement has steadily mounted. Cracked Bombay Governor Harekrushna Mahtab: "Gandhi wished to abolish poverty; Bhoodan merely distributes...
Like many a disillusioned man, Bhave has changed his attitude from a vague idealism to a desperate radicalism. Said he, dashing aside the garlands that were thrust upon him last week: "Bhoodan stands for land revolution by abolishing private ownership. I want to wipe out individual land ownership...
...attack on Congress Party corruption, Bhave outlined his latest solution for India's troubles: "The existing form of government must be liquidated at an early date and replaced by gram raj [village government]." The social structure would be recast by having everyone over 21 years elect "Bhoodan committees" to redistribute all the land, according to need based on the size of families. Though there is precedent for such ideas in the teachings of Gandhi, Bhave had found other sympathizers for his leveler's commonwealth. Said he: "The Communists have assured me of their cooperation...
...Leader Jaya Prakash Narayan (the most respected politician in India after Nehru), who had quit politics under the spell of Bhave's earlier idealism. But Narayan himself is deeply disturbed by the failures of redistribution, and now demands that every Indian university student compulsorily devote one year to Bhoodan work. Said Narayan last week: "We must be quick, or those who believe in violence will step over our dead bodies...
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