Word: biases
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...innocence of the idealism of cross-casting, especially in American society today, is misleading. Cross-casting is inherently a political act, theater's own brand of revisionist history. If we locate drama in its proper place in the canon of Western literature, we are forced to acknowledge its bias toward European males. In the past, drama has scripted few if any roles for minorities and few full or flattering roles for women. And as most high-school English teachers will tell you, even the roles written for women were until recently played by men. So in a progressive world...
...direct mail to encourage Asian-American students to apply, travel by Asian-American undergraduates to make presentations at high schools where there are large numbers of prospective Asian-American candidates, and special recruitment efforts in April. In reviewing applicants, individual readers employ special sensitivity to detect and neutralize possible bias in materials submitted, such as teacher recommendations...
...doing it to prove a point." Watson describes her anger when she was told in the early 1980s that she could not be a supervisor in an investigative division because it was "too tough a job for a woman." But she rejected the idea of filing a job- bias complaint. "My sense was that if I were to throw a tantrum," she explains, "it probably wouldn't be an effective strategy. Catching flies with honey was a better approach...
...experts have argued, is geared towards the experiences of middle-class students. The themes and concepts addressed in the verbal parts of the test, for example, reflect an upbringing in a suburban white community. In doing so, they place inner-city Black and Hispanic children at a disadvantage. This bias is doubly relevant in the case of foreign students who have not even experienced a Western upbringing...
...officials deny that the SATs propagate inequity and reflect bias. The fact that upper-income whites score higher than lower-income minorities, they contend, reflects society's imbalances, not the exams'. ETS notes that 400 people of varying backgrounds check every SAT question during 10 review stages and eliminate any that are found to be biased. "To say these tests are biased because results vary," says Gary Saretzky, chief of ETS's sensitivity-review process, "is like blaming the thermometer for the fever...