Word: biles
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...drops of blood are taken from a finger or an ear lobe and centrifuged to remove all red blood cells. Then the clear serum is mixed with several drops of the antigen, a witches' brew of benzoin (a resin from Java or Sumatra), cholesterol (alcohol which occurs in bile), scarlet red (a dye), plain salt water, and alcoholic beefheart extract. If syphilis antibodies are present in the blood, coarse particles develop in the colorless fluid, and clumps of red granules appear around the edges of the mixture. Since the reaction is clearly visible to the naked eye, no microscope...
...President Goebbels of the Reichskultur-kammer, apparently interpreting the Carnegie International jury's award of first prize to German Artist Karl Hofer as a deliberate insult* to the Third Reich, vented his bile on Artist Hofer by forbidding him to paint at all. Heretofore merely prevented from exhibiting in Germany, Artist Hofer may now be packed away to a concentration camp if some household spy catches him laying brush to canvas in his own studio...
From the livers of fresh-killed dogs, lambs and pigs they extracted a sterol (solid alcohol) which they dissolved in sesame oil. Then they artificially lengthened the clotting period of rats and dogs by tying up their bile ducts. Small amounts of the sterol were injected under the skins of the rats, into the veins of the dogs. Normal rats and dogs were also injected. Before and after injections the scientists measured the coagulation time of each animal by drawing a drop of blood from a vein onto a glass plate exposed...
Among common drugs administered to make the gall bladder evacuate the bile are calomel (mercurous chloride), rhubarb, mandrake, jalap. New are the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin...
...watching the effect of these and other cholagogic (bile evacuating) substances on the little gall bladder of the telescope fish, Pharmacologist Viehoever hopes to be able to contradict "the dictum of the medical profession that surgery is the stones." only remedy for the removal of gall...