Word: billionths
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...student George Porter, 48, now a professor of chemistry. Eigen, Norrish and Porter were honored for their studies of rapid chemical reactions, which date from the late 1940s and early 1950s. Their Nobel-winning research revealed the subtle changes that take place during chemical reactions that last only one-billionth of a second. All three came to their award-winning conclusions by subjecting samples of various chemicals to short bursts of energy, then electrically, acoustically and optically measuring the time that elapsed before the chemicals' return to a state of equilibrium...
...vapor, the scientists knew, had been detected not on the moon but in the earth's atmosphere. Thus, by eliminating the same proportion of terrestrial vapor from the Venus spectrograms, they were able to determine the true amount of Venusian water vapor-approximately one-half of one-billionth of the Venusian atmosphere, compared with a vapor content of 1/400th of the atmosphere on earth...
Center of the scientific storm is a subatomic particle called the eta meson, which lives for only a billionth of a billionth of a second before breaking down into three smaller particles called pions-one positive, one negative, one without any electrical charge. According to the laws of symmetry, the positive and negative pions should have identical energies. But when a team led by Columbia University's Dr. Paolo Franzini examined 1,441 photographs of eta-meson decay in the Brookhaven bubble chamber (TIME, July 8), they found that in 53% of the photographs the positive pion apparently...
Scientists are less sure what comets look like. They weigh perhaps a trillion tons, or one billionth the mass of the earth. There is probably a central region, or nucleus, of about five miles of solid material. This could be one solid rock or a collection of rocks. Some scientists think there is no nucleus...
...experiment involved infinitesimal particles of matter so slight and evanescent that they survived only a billionth of a billionth of a second. In their place they left still lighter particles that made fine lines across a bubble chamber at Brookhaven National Laboratory. And in those curving tracks scientists traced the possibility of trouble for vast and sweeping theories that involve not only tracks in bubble chambers and bits of atoms, but also distant stars and still undiscovered galaxies...