Word: bins
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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After a morning of chaos and confusion, speculation over who was responsible for the worst instances of terrorism ever committed on American soil quickly centered on Osama bin Laden, the Saudi millionaire exile who has been accused of masterminding past acts of terrorism against the U.S., including last year’s bombing of a U.S. navy ship near Yemen, as well as the 1998 bombings of two U.S. embassies in Africa. Islamic terrorists targeted the World Trade Center in 1993, killing six and injuring more than 1,000 others...
...while terrorists in the Middle East were the immediate focus of speculation, several groups—including bin Laden’s Al Quaida group and officials of the Taliban government in Afghanistan—denied taking any part in the attacks, saying they do not have the ability to mastermind such a large-scale operation...
...Washington's wrath - President Bush emphasized Tuesday that the U.S. will not differentiate between the perpetrators and those that have harbored them. But retaliation remains a complex challenge when terrorists act independently rather than on behalf of any state. Unlike the state-sponsored terrorism of the Cold War era, Bin Laden runs a self-financing "Islamist International" forged among like-minded fighters from throughout the Muslim world who earned their stripes as volunteers in the Afghan 'jihad' against the Soviets and subsequently declared the U.S. as their prime target...
...Hitting back effectively at Bin Laden is far from easy, as the Clinton administration discovered after the 1998 East Africa embassy bombings. That time, the U.S. fired a fusillade of cruise missiles at camps used by Bin Laden in the mountains of Afghanistan, and destroyed a pharmaceutical factory linked (possibly erroneously) with him in the Sudan. Although the missiles killed a handful of terrorists-in-training - most of them Kashmiri Mulims for 'jihad' against India - they did no discernible damage to Bin Laden's operational capacity. But they did burnish his image as a champion of a global 'jihad' against...
...global nature of Bin Laden's operations requires maintaining effective anti-terrorism alliances with countries where he operates, making diplomacy an indispensable part of the struggle against terrorism. Winning that fight, of course, is less about retaliation than about prevention. While Washington's short-term response will likely take a military form, there were also strong calls Tuesday for increased spending on security and intelligence, which remain the key elements of prevention...