Word: biochemist
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...molecule, DNA. His co-workers were Sydney Brenner, who discovered the "start" and "stop" signals in the genetic code; Aaron Klug, who first determined the crystalline structure of transfer RNA (tRNA), the molecule that brings amino acids to the ribosome for assembly into protein; and George Pieczenik, 32, a biochemist now at Rutgers University in New Brunswick...
...saccharin, whose output accounts for 65% of the 8 million lbs. consumed yearly by Americans. Researchers pointed to the enormous quantities of saccharin fed the test rats-equivalent to consumption by a human of some 800 cans of diet soda each day over a lifetime. Said Duke University Biochemist Henry Kamin: "The dosages are so large that the result means nothing." In Albany, N.Y., Dr. Frederick Coulston revealed that his tests on monkeys-much closer to humans than are rats-revealed no harmful effects. Said he: "We gave saccharin to rhesus monkeys over 6½ years-relatively high doses...
Gullis' deception was discovered when his former colleagues, in repeating the tests, were unable to find the increased concentrations of a particular substance reported by the young scientist. By then, Gullis had returned to London. But Biochemist Bernd Hamprecht, his superior at the institute, insisted that he come back to West Germany and repeat his work under supervision. Gullis agreed, and after four futile tries conceded that he had faked his data...
Afternoon Heat. While probing differences between wild-and factory-bred flies, Zoologist Guy L. Bush and Biochemist G. Barrie Kitto of the University of Texas, with Zoologist Raymond W. Neck of the Texas parks and wildlife department, found that the larvae were kept at an unnaturally constant, warm temperature, mainly to speed up growth. Also, young flies were unable to fly around much in their cages. Eventually, the researchers write in Science, a markedly different strain emerged. No longer as vigorous, the male does not become active until the heat of afternoon, whereas his wild brethren are busy impregnating females...
Proposed as an anticancer drug by San Francisco Biochemist Ernst Krebs Jr. in 1952, Laetrile* has attracted an avid, almost evangelical band of followers. Among them are members of the right-wing John Birch Society who regard the Food and Drug Administration's ban on Laetrile as a restraint on individual freedom. Krebs argued that Laetrile kills only cancerous cells-not normal tissue-because they do not contain an enzyme that detoxifies the poison cyanide released from Laetrile's central ingredient, a chemical called amygdalin. Yet in repeated tests, Laetrile has shown no effect on tumors. Says...