Word: biochemists
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That approach didn't make sense to Stanford biochemist Patrick Brown. Convinced that tissues and cells could be studied as collective systems rather than as individual components, he devised a method to mechanically print more than 20,000 gene molecules onto 45,000 tiny spots on a conventional microscope slide...
...more traditional ways, wants to reduce the cost of bringing a medication to market--now estimated at $500 million. One way to do it is to limit trials to those people most likely to respond to a given drug. This too is governed by genetics. Says Ira Herskowitz, a biochemist and biophysicist at the University of California, San Francisco: "We're all different, we have different hair color and different features, right? How can we not metabolize drugs differently...
...early 1990s, John Daly, a biochemist at the National Institutes of Health, discovered that an extract from the skin of a tiny Ecuadorian tree frog was a potent pain killer, some 200 times more effective than morphine--at least in rats. The extract, known as epibatidine, is structurally and functionally similar to nicotine. It seems to prevent the nervous system from processing pain signals by interfering with nicotinic receptors in the brain...
Scientists have long known that venom from the southern copperhead, native to the Eastern U.S. and Mexico, contains a powerful clot buster. In the mid-1990s, a team led by biochemist Francis Markland, of the University of Southern California, discovered that the venom may also fight cancer...
Shulgin is a biochemist who once studied psychedelics for Dow Chemical. Now 75, Shulgin has synthesized hundreds of compounds in the smelly lab in the woods behind his California home. He and his wife Ann, a therapist, have published two books that are the bibles of underground drug research: PIHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved) and TIHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved). Many of the drugs that have emerged from underground labs can be traced to well-thumbed copies of the Shulgins' books...