Word: biologist
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...oceans through rivers, drainage ditches and the water table, such pollutants include fertilizers and herbicides washed from farms and lawns, motor oil from highways and parking lots, animal droppings from city streets and other untreated garbage that backs up in sewer systems and spills into the seas. Says Biologist Albert Manville of Defenders of Wildlife, a Washington-based environmental group: "We're running out of time. We cannot continue to use the oceans as a giant garbage dump...
Researchers are also creating vaccines that consist largely of antigens synthesized from chemicals on the laboratory shelf. When these vaccines prove ineffective, scientists can now usually determine why. Says M.I.T. Molecular Biologist Malcolm Gefter: "Today, when a vaccine doesn't elicit a protective response, it is possible to detect what is or is not working -- the B cells, the T cells, the lymphokines, whatever." Scientists can then "fix" the vaccine. For example, the 1985 vaccine against Hemophilus influenzae Type B, which causes bacterial meningitis, was only partially effective; although it protected older children, it did not work for babies under...
Identifying a cockroach is no simple task. There are currently about 4000 described cockroach species, and Roth says he thinks there are "at least twice as many undescribed species." A biologist must determine that the organism has not previously been assigned to a species before he or she can say it is a new species. To ensure this, the entomologist must turn to detailed descriptions of the species prepared by his colleagues...
...cancer and diabetes. In Boston last week researchers at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science reported that athletic women cut their risk of breast and uterine cancer in half and of the most common form of diabetes by two-thirds. Says Harvard Reproductive Biologist Rose Frisch, who led the 5,398-woman study: "The long-term effects of early exercise on health are impressive...
Slim and lithe in khaki pants, he moves like a deer over the desert floor -- not surprising since he spent his first 40 years in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) as a wildlife biologist and tracker. "I slept on the ground most of my life," he told me. "No tent. Only a tarpaulin in case it rained. One night I woke up with a rhino sniffing my body. I just lay quietly. Another time I found a lion had eaten a whole cow next to me while I lay sleeping." He looks at his students and instructors, then out across...