Word: biologist
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...until the present century did it become clear that safe blood transfusions depended on matching at least the A, B and O groups of red cells. The Rh factor came still later. In the early 1900s, U.S. Physiologist Charles Claude Guthrie and French Biologist-Surgeon Alexis Carrel appeared for a while to have broken down the barriers against transplants. They devised most of the basic surgical techniques, notably how to stitch slippery little blood vessels together so that the joints would neither leak nor close down with clots...
...sense organs, the eye - immensely complicated as it is-is probably the best understood. Since the German biologist Franz Boll discovered that a chemical change takes place when light enters the eye, scientists have worked out a fairly complete map of the mechanics of vision. Last week Stockholm's Royal Caroline Institute, custodian of the Nobel Prize in medicine, jointly awarded the 1967 prize to three of the most important eye cartographers of the present generation: the U.S.'s George Wald and Haldan Keffer Hartline and Sweden's Ragnar Granit...
...Biologist Wald, 60, whose abilities as a lecturer in Harvard's "Nat Sci 5" have made him one of the great college teachers in the U.S. (TIME cover, May 6, 1966), has been primarily concerned with the eye's chemical makeup and reactions. Pursuing a "hunch" in the early 1930s, he discovered the presence of vitamin A in the retina, then went on to determine its presence and complex workings in the visual pigment. Now, he says with undiminished excitement, "we're on the edge of a whole series of new things" in knowledge...
Healey has remained noncommittal. "No decision has yet been made on the use ^L Aldabra for defense purposes," he said. But the scientists were obvious ly unwilling to settle for bureaucratic vagueness. One biologist dryly noted that, of course, the giant land tortoise could always survive in the London Zoo. "The Union Jack flying over Aldabra is evidence of our custodianship of a biological treasure house," the magazine New Scientist reminded Healey. "It is not a license to kill...
...gravity. North American Aviation Plant Physiologist Samuel Johnson opened the pepper plant packages and found their leaves folded down and turned under. "This is astounding," he said. "It shows that gravity really controls the orientation of a plant to a much greater extent than I had anticipated." And to Biologist Rudolph Mattoni, in charge of the bacteria experiment, there were "very, very preliminary indications that the stuff in space grew better and to a greater density than the same stuff on earth...