Word: biologists
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...Janovy celebrates the simple delights of a naturalist: discovering a creek full of snails or a marsh full of flies, observing a colony of birds and musing that "the individual cliff swallow is the philosophical equivalent of a single cell of the multicellular colony-organism," realizing that every good biologist must also be a philosopher. "The biologist," he concludes, "approaches nature in the form of a plant or animal and immediately begins asking questions about the innermost soul, the innermost characteristics, the true spectrum as well as the immediate traits, of the living thing." Janovy cannot offer his readers conclusive...
...National Academy of Sciences found that naval radar operators died no younger than their peers in other jobs. The Environmental Protection Agency points out that 98% of the U.S. population is exposed to less than one microwatt of microwave radiation at any one time. Says State Department Biologist Herbert Pollack: "The 'zapping of America' is just a sensationalist charge." Perhaps so, but in an era of microwaves, their use obviously requires continued research and education...
...explored and written about the Amazon, North America and Africa. The Caribbean was the stage for his 1975 poetic narrative of turtle fishermen, Far Tortuga. His latest work, The Snow Leopard, springs from a 250-mile hike that he and Field Biologist George Schaller made five years ago in the Himalayas. Schaller (The Mountain Gorilla, The Serengeti Lion) pushed tirelessly through icy passes and over the Tibetan plateau to observe the rutting habits of the bharal, a wild goatlike animal better known as the blue sheep. He also hoped for a glimpse of the snow leopard, a creature so rare...
...early 1960s, British Biologist John B. Gurdon took the technique a step further by replacing the nuclei of unfertilized eggs with the nuclei of cells that had differentiated into intestinal cells of young tadpoles. Some of the resulting cloned tadpoles matured into adult frogs. There have since been reports of successful cloning with nuclei from adult frog cells, but researchers have found that the best results are obtained by using the nuclei from cells of frogs in the early stages of embryonic development. The nuclei of adult animal cells are generally considered poor cloning material, possibly because many...
Though cloning mammals by the classic method is a long way off, scientists are moving closer to cloning mice by an indirect route. In this technique, devised by Yale Biologist Clement Markert, eggs are removed from a female mouse shortly after fertilization. At this early stage, genetic material from egg and sperm have not yet mixed; the mother's and father's genes are still in two distinct sacs, called pronuclei. Using microsurgery, Markert removes either pronucleus. The egg is then exposed to a chemical that causes the remaining pronucleus to replicate, thus giving the cell a full...