Word: birching
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...Germans, trying to enlarge their Caucasian bridgehead in the Kuban, threw eight to ten divisions into a fruitless offensive. In the Kalinin sector, northwest of Moscow, General Maxim Purkaev, Soviet Military Attache in Berlin when war began, led a limited Soviet drive through the scrubby birch forests. But the most important action was taking place behind the fronts...
...birch-paneled office within the dark-towered Kremlin, Joseph Stalin (pronounced Stal-yn), an imponderable, soberly persistent Asiatic, worked at his desk 16 to 18 hours a day. Before him he kept a huge globe showing the course of campaigns over territory he himself defended in the civil wars of 1917-20. This time he again defended it, and mostly by will power. There were new streaks of grey in his hair and new etchings of fatigue in his granite face.* But there was no break in his hold on Russia and there was long-neglected recognition of his abilities...
...bent in their path than is red, hence focus nearer to the lens. If the blues are sharply in focus in the upper layer of a photographic film, then the reds will be in focus deeper in the film. This is well known under the name of chromatic aberration. Birch-Field's novel realization is that every film thus contains a pattern of silver atoms which, in effect, registers the original colors of the object photographed...
This pattern is not visible to the eye, nor when projected. But the light from a projector lamp is diverted by the aberration patterns into a conic shape that spreads out over the lens. Charles Birch-Field's iriscope adds the colors-reds in the outer regions of the lens, blues in the inner...
Many practical and theoretical difficulties remain before the process is perfected. Charles Birch-Field does not expect to solve the problems in his studio with his ancient, secondhand projector and crude equipment. But someone, somewhere, probably will...