Word: birth
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Dates: during 2010-2019
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...women who have approached the producers (you too can apply, via a seven-page pre-interview form obtained through the show's website) gave birth on a toilet, though that seems to be a recurring theme. For the show's third season, which begins in June, "we are pulling back on the toilet births," says Wendy Douglas, a good-humored executive producer for TLC and Discovery Health...
...often to comic effect: "She urinated normally." Sometimes the woman doesn't realize she's pregnant because she's obese or has irregular periods. Sometimes it's because she has been told it's impossible for her to get pregnant or because she thinks she's on fail-safe birth control. (See TIME's Wellness blog...
...Norrbotten in the 19th century - and not just on them but on their kids and grandkids as well. So he drew a random sample of 99 individuals born in the Overkalix parish of Norrbotten in 1905 and used historical records to trace their parents and grandparents back to birth. By analyzing meticulous agricultural records, Bygren and two colleagues determined how much food had been available to the parents and grandparents when they were young...
Meet the Epigenome The answer lies beyond both nature and nurture. Bygren's data - along with those of many other scientists working separately over the past 20 years - have given birth to a new science called epigenetics. At its most basic, epigenetics is the study of changes in gene activity that do not involve alterations to the genetic code but still get passed down to at least one successive generation. These patterns of gene expression are governed by the cellular material - the epigenome - that sits on top of the genome, just outside it (hence the prefix epi-, which means above...
...Human Genetics, it noted that of the 14,024 fathers in the study, 166 said they had started smoking before age 11 - just as their bodies were preparing to enter puberty. Boys are genetically isolated before puberty because they cannot form sperm. (Girls, by contrast, have their eggs from birth.) That makes the period around puberty fertile ground for epigenetic changes: If the environment is going to imprint epigenetic marks on genes in the Y chromosome, what better time to do it than when sperm is first starting to form...