Word: bismarckers
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That account dated back not just to the murderous offensives on the Somme in 1916, but to 1870, when Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck provoked Emperor Napoleon III into declaring war, then smashed him at Sedan, annexed the iron- rich provinces of Alsace and Lorraine and imposed on France a heavy financial indemnity. But the Germans had their own view of this account, in which they had repeatedly been attacked and despoiled by the French, by Napoleon, by Louis XIV. Indeed, this conflict went back beyond the birth of either nation, to the time when the Romans subdued the Gauls...
...sound, it could endanger the armed balance that has kept the peace since 1945. The cold war was also a cold peace: now in its 45th year, the era that historian John Lewis Gaddis calls the "long peace" is surpassing the stable stretches imposed by Metternich and then Bismarck in the 19th century. One reason is that nuclear weapons made localized wars and territorial disputes too dangerous to allow. They also made a direct confrontation between East and West or a Soviet invasion of Central Europe unthinkable...
Adolf Hitler saw the great dreadnought as the key to ending Britain's naval supremacy. Even Winston Churchill conceded that the 823-ft., 42,000-ton German battleship was a "masterpiece of naval construction." Rather than emerging as the scourge of the Atlantic, however, the Bismarck fell victim to a superior British force in one of World War II's most spectacular naval engagements. Only nine days after leaving on her first combat mission, she was sunk on May 27, 1941, with all but about 115 of her 2,200-man crew aboard...
Last week the Bismarck's hulk was discovered some 600 miles west of the Brittany port of Brest by Robert Ballard, the undersea explorer who in 1986 located the wreck of the passenger liner Titanic. As in the search for the Titanic, Ballard, a scientist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Massachusetts, used the unmanned submersible Argo in his Bismarck quest. According to Ballard, the battleship, which lies 15,000 ft. below the surface, is intact, upright and "in an excellent state of preservation" -- a remarkable fact considering that more than 300 shells and torpedoes were fired into...
...Shah celebrated his reign with a $300 million extravaganza. The Pahlavi "dynasty" had just started its sixth decade, the outcome of a coup mounted by the Shah's father, Reza Khan, an army officer whom some regarded as the Bismarck of Persia. Flying high on his magic carpet, the Shah seemed out of touch with the forces gathering against him. Resentment of his Western ways was fanned by the Muslim clergy. Intellectuals, students and professionals thought the figure posing in Ruritanian uniform and a Disneyland crown was not Western enough. These dissenters frequently attracted the attention of the security police...