Word: bissau
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...NOVEMBER 11, 1975, Angola will become independent after 400 years of Portuguese rule. But unlike Mozambique and Guinea-Bissau, the other recently liberated Portuguese colonies which have made a smooth transition to independence, Angola is racked by civil war. There is no single movement like Frelimo in Mozambique capable of assuming power in Angola. Instead, three armed factions battle for the country: the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), and the Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA...
Leftist Gains. The disorder offended Spinola's sense of discipline. Moreover, his plan for dealing with Portugal's African territories was being resisted by his junta colleagues. He had envisioned Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau and Angola forming a loose federation with Portugal. Leftists within the M.F.A. sided with revolutionaries in the territories and demanded complete independence. In June 1974, Spinola barnstormed across Portugal, visiting army bases and addressing enthusiastic crowds. His message: Portugal's revolution must not be exploited by extremists...
Violence has also erupted in the remnants of Portugal's five-century-old African empire. Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique have already achieved full independence without major incident. But Angola, scheduled to become independent on Nov. 11, is engulfed in a costly and bloody struggle between rival liberation movements. In the past month, the fighting between the Maoist National Front for the Liberation of Angola and the pro-Soviet Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola has claimed an estimated 500 lives in Luanda alone. Whether it wants to or not, Lisbon will have to keep its 25,000 troops...
...Marques, the capital of Mozambique, he first aspired to a theatrical career-in fact his parents named him for Shakespeare's Othello. Since his family lacked money for acting lessons, he joined the army instead. He served for five years in Angola and for three in Guinea-Bissau under Spínola, who, in a never forgotten slight, excluded the brash young captain from his inner circle of trusted officers...
Third Truce. Unlike Portugal's other former territories-Guinea Bissau, Mozambique, the Cape Verde Islands, Sào Tomé and Príncipe-the transfer of power in Angola has been complicated by the fact that there are three rival liberation groups. To patch up their differences, Agostinho Neto, 52, head of the Moscow-oriented Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (M.P.L.A.), Holden Roberto, 50, leader of the Peking-backed National Front for the Liberation of Angola (F.N.L.A.), and Jonas Savimbi, 40, head of the moderate National Union for Total Independence of Angola (U.N.I.T.A.), met in Kenya...