Word: bissau
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...Advisory Committee on Shareholder Responsibility recommended yesterday that Harvard abstain from voting its stock on a shareholder resolution prohibiting Exxon from drilling for oil in Guinea-Bissau under concessions from the Portuguese government...
...Antonio de Spinola, the country's new strong man, has no great democratic biography--his military service came as a Fascist volunteer in the Spanish Civil War, as an observer with the German army in World War II, and as a commander with Portugal's colonial army in Guinea-Bissau. He doesn't stand for independence of the colonies--just a vaguely defined "autonomy"--and he inaugurated his government by announcing that he believes in full political freedoms--within reason...
...European colonial powers, Portugal has doggedly tried to hold onto its overseas possessions. Last year more than 40% of the country's $1.3 billion budget was spent on a military effort to put down insurrection movements in the three African territories of Mozambique, Angola and Guinea-Bissau. Now an influential Portuguese leader has openly questioned the government's sacrosanct policy that the overseas provinces must be preserved at all cost. Ironically, this dovish challenge comes from General Antonio de Spinola, a hero of the African wars. Meanwhile, hawkish devotion to the status quo prevails in the civilian-dominated...
...often helicoptered to rebel fighting fronts armed only with a swagger stick, Spinola is admired not only by the 45,000 troops in Portugal but also by both black soldiers and white settlers in Africa. After he left his position last year as commander and military governor of Guinea-Bissau (where he reportedly met in secret with leaders of the rebel forces), troop morale there plummeted...
Because the Portuguese government tolerates less dissent than its counterparts elsewhere, it took a much-decorated military hero, General Antonio de Spinola, for four years commander of the colonial troops in Guinea-Bissau, to start the process by writing a book suggesting a Portuguese-African federation. Fearful of even such mild suggestions, Caetano's government cashiered Spinola and suppressed a first wave of sympathetic military revolts. But they were just a first wave. True peace won't come to Portugal till its people stop their government's colonizing in Africa and replace their government with one they control...