Word: blacking
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...early last week, Menem's economic medicine was already showing some positive effects. On Monday the black-market rate for dollars dipped below the official exchange rate for the first time since the austral plan was implemented by former President Raul Alfonsin in 1985, demonstrating credibility in the currency's new valuation. Investors and bankers were favorably impressed by the seriousness of the Peronist leader's austerity plan, which prompted the Buenos Aires stock exchange to rise 6.5% in a single day and sent monthly interest rates down 44 points...
They were wrong. After ten years of rule by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (F.S.L.N.), the misery that marked life for most of the country under Somoza is, if anything, worse. The red and black anniversary valentines that bedeck roadside billboards aptly reflect what has always been the regime's strong suit: romantic rhetoric, not reality. The sole success of the F.S.L.N. is holding on to power, despite an eight-year war by the U.S. and its contra rent-an-army. Says Alfredo Cesar, a former contra director and now an opposition political leader in Managua: "The Sandinistas are good...
...always seemed unbridgeable. They have personified the country's racial stalemate: Mandela, who turns 71 this week, insisted that he would make no deals with the white government while he remained a prisoner; Botha, 73, vowed that he would never free the symbolic leader of the nation's black majority unless Mandela forswore the use of violence...
...astonishment of black and white South Africans, the government disclosed last week that the chasm may not be as impossibly wide as once thought. In his 27th year of imprisonment, serving a life sentence for sabotage, Mandela accepted an invitation from Botha to meet face to face for the first time. The two adversaries spent 45 minutes on July 5 talking "in a pleasant spirit" and sipping tea. It was not a negotiation, said Justice Minister Kobie Coetsee, who also participated, but the two foes confirmed "their support for peaceful development in South Africa." By agreeing to that, Mandela seemed...
White right wingers called Botha a "traitor" for sitting down with a man they consider a terrorist. White liberals felt confirmed in their belief that Mandela and his organization, the outlawed African National Congress, hold the key to successful negotiations between blacks and whites. But Mandela had not informed the A.N.C., his family or anyone else about the meeting, and black activists were shocked and confused when they learned of it. For years they have refused to consider or tolerate any contact with the government, demanding that it first release Mandela, legalize the A.N.C. and end the state of emergency...