Word: blacks
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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While Nixon's endorsement may have helped Finch regain some of his lost prestige, the school integration compromise did nothing to improve the Secretary's standing with his black constituency. Finch had argued that school districts should, without exception, comply with the 1964 Civil Rights Act by the fall of 1970, according to HEW's original timetable. Instead, the Administration provided a Dixie-wide loophole by allowing districts with "extreme and valid reasons" to postpone integration beyond that date, with no firm deadline for eventual compliance. Finch loyally rationalized that the Administration's new policy could...
LIKE youngsters in many large American cities, Chicago's schoolchildren learn-or fail-in an environment of apartheid. Blacks go to school with blacks, whites with whites. Worse, as far as the Department is concerned, white children study under white teachers, black children under blacks. Last week the Department warned the city that unless it takes steps to break up its "segregated pattern of faculty assignments" within two weeks, it will ask the courts to impose an integrated system...
...Chicago's 3,585,000 population, 1,136,000 are Negroes. Although blacks constitute 34% of the city's 23,000 teachers, they are heavily concentrated in its 255 predominantly Negro schools. Of the more than 600 public schools, only 240 have integrated faculties, 214 have no black teachers at all, 12 have only black teachers. In Chicago's white working-class District 1, where black students make up 9.2% of the high school enrollment, black teachers account for only 1.4% of the faculty. In the Austin section, District 4, where Poles and Irish are gradually being...
...union contract allows "regularly certified" teachers, who are generally also more experienced, great latitude in choosing the schools in which they will teach. Most senior teachers, who are mainly white, exercise this contractual right to seek transfers to schools in white areas, which means that less experienced and black teachers are assigned to pre dominantly Negro districts. It also means long waiting lists for assignment to desirable white schools. The waiting list for transfer to the 31-teacher Mount Greenwood School, in the white southwestern section of-Chicago, is 107 names long; some names have been on the list...
...Chicago has worked harder to break the city's pattern of segregation than General Schools Superintendent James Redmond. He has appointed a black deputy superintendent, Manford Byrd Jr., whom he is grooming as his successor, and recently named a black district superintendent and a black principal to serve in nearly all-white areas. But most of Redmond's more ambitious plans have run into solid opposition from white parents and teachers alike. His attempts to promote pupil integration by bussing were beaten down by a coalition of militant Polish and Irish voters. Efforts to achieve greater faculty integration...