Word: bladdered
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...shed directly from tumors. Many solid tumors, it turns out, result from mutations in stretches of DNA that are repeated several times. Finding these abnormal DNA snippets in urine or saliva could mean a cancer is just beginning to take root. In a small pilot study of bladder-cancer patients, one screen that Sidransky developed picked up more than 90% of tumors--a hit rate that could revolutionize the early detection and treatment of bladder cancer...
...always be so simple, however. For one thing, some cancers leave bigger footprints than others. In the urine of a patient with bladder cancer, for example, more than half the genetic material could derive from the tumor, making detection relatively straightforward. The sputum of a lung-cancer patient, on the other hand, is much more diverse; less than 1% of its DNA is traceable to cancer. Clearly, other genetic clues will have to be developed, and Sidransky is already tracking down several of them. The challenge, to his delight, never ends...
...alone, nearly 30,000 tons of arsenic are believed to be at large. Investigators testing soil in the state's playgrounds have found arsenic levels far higher than hazardous-waste experts consider safe. Prolonged exposure can lead to nerve damage, dizziness and numbness, as well as increased risk of bladder, lung and skin cancer...
...persisted, and eventually doctors diagnosed arsenic poisoning. The price he has paid is high: he lost a third of his overall motor control, and, even today, his face remains partly paralyzed. "My eye droops; I have weakness in my arms and legs," he says. "My long-term risk for bladder, lung and other problems is magnified enormously...
...through antiangiogenesis. Scientists are currently studying its effect on noninherited colon cancers. And because the receptor for COX-2 is overexpressed on a range of human cancer types, the hope is that COX-2 inhibitors may be useful in preventing a wider range of cancers, including head and neck, bladder, non-small cell lung and breast cancers...