Word: bladders
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...germs. In 1907 it was discovered that one Mary Mallon had been employed as cook in a number of homes where typhoid had broken out. She was examined against her will, found to be harboring typhoid bacilli, imprisoned on North Brother Island when she refused to have a gall-bladder operation which might have cured her. Freed a few years later, she broke a promise never to cook again, was sent back for life...
...Hospital, which he had founded in 1892. During his 30 years at Hopkins he achieved fame as the inventor of various modern kidney, uterine and ovarian operations, as a pioneer in the use of cocaine anesthesia, as the inventor of the Kelly cystoscope and proctoscope, instruments for examining the bladder and rectum...
Among common drugs administered to make the gall bladder evacuate the bile are calomel (mercurous chloride), rhubarb, mandrake, jalap. New are the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin...
...telescope fish's gall bladder is a greenish globule one-twelfth of an inch in diameter (visible as a disk about the size of the fish's eye but not so dark-see cut}. Dr. Viehoever found that soon after he injected the most trifling amount of the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin into the fish's tail, the gall bladder contracted, and squeezed its green bile into the intestines. This is what human gall bladders normally do during digestion, what they cannot do when obstructed by gallstones or mucus plugs...
...watching the effect of these and other cholagogic (bile evacuating) substances on the little gall bladder of the telescope fish, Pharmacologist Viehoever hopes to be able to contradict "the dictum of the medical profession that surgery is the stones." only remedy for the removal of gall...