Word: blood
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...matter how cool your body is during questioning, your mind could still rat you out. Brains require blood to operate, and the harder they work, the more they need. Many regions of the cortex are thought to be recruited for a lie, but three stand out: the anterior (front) cingulate, which reconciles goals and intentions; the right orbital/ interior frontal, which processes the sense of reward; and the right middle frontal, which helps govern tasks requiring more than ordinary thought. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) looks for such busy, well-oxygenated areas. Get a hit in all three zones...
...Blood flow isn't the only way your mind can blow your cover; electrical activity can too. Your brain emits signals called event-related potentials (ERPs) that can be tracked with a high-density electroencephalogram (EEG) machine and 128 sensors attached to the face and scalp. Telling the truth and then a lie can take from 40 to 60 milliseconds longer than telling two truths in a row, because the brain must shift its data-assembly strategies. In theory, if a subject truthfully answers a question related to intention (say, "Are you traveling to Miami?") and then answers a more...
...trying. In the post-9/11 world, where anyone with a boarding pass and a piece of carry-on is a potential menace, the need is greater than ever for law enforcement's most elusive dream: a simple technique that can expose a liar as dependably as a blood test can identify DNA or a Breathalyzer can nail a drunk. Quietly over the past five years, Department of Defense agencies and the Department of Homeland Security have dramatically stepped up the hunt. Though the exact figures are concealed in the classified "black budget," tens of millions to hundreds of millions...
...stress that creates the clues picked up by polygraphs also boosts blood flow in capillaries around the eye. A new application of thermal-imaging technology, called periorbital thermography, uses a high-resolution camera to detect temperature changes as small as .045°F (.025°C). Endocrinologist James Levine of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., co-authored a paper in the journal Nature in 2002 in which he claimed a lie-detection accuracy of 73%. Investigators at the Department of Defense Polygraph Institute (DODPI) in Fort Jackson, S.C., tell TIME they have reached...
...even get critics started on the shortcomings of reading faces or heat around the eyes. The same honest anxiety that can produce false positives on a polygraph can also increase blood flow in the periorbital region. Facial analysis is problematic, since there's no way to standardize the skills of human analysts, and nobody can say for certain if cooler liars give up fewer clues than nervous ones. "It's not as simple as a Pinocchio phenomenon," says Frank...