Word: bloodstream
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...would it work in humans? A few weeks after Zagury scraped his skin enough to let the experimental substance enter his bloodstream, tests showed that his body had produced two types of immune response: antibodies to the AIDS virus, plus specialized blood cells capable of defending against incipient AIDS infection. In laboratory tests, these defender cells were effective not only against the strain of virus from which the vaccine was made, but against a second strain as well. This finding was especially significant since the AIDS virus has innumerable strains...
...precautions because "it's not a risk-free world, and I'm going to take the chance." After four encounters, he confessed he was a bisexual whose previous lover had died from an AIDS-related cancer. Ten months later, tests confirmed that Wolf had the live virus in her bloodstream...
...invader is tiny, about one sixteen-thousandth the size of the head of a pin. It consists basically of a double-layered shell or envelope full of proteins, surrounding a bit of ribonucleic acid (RNA), the single-stranded genetic molecule, and often enters the bloodstream of its victim after sexual contact. It is an AIDS virus, and its intrusion does not go unnoticed. Scouts of the body's immune system, large cells called macrophages, sense the presence of the diminutive foreigner and promptly alert the immune system. It begins to mobilize an array of cells that, among other things, produce...
...been 16 deaths among the 137 patients receiving the placebo and only one among the 145 taking AZT. Those being given the drug developed fewer AIDS-associated infections, gained weight and showed growing numbers of helper T cells (the immune-system cells attacked by the AIDS virus) in their bloodstream. The independent review board of AIDS experts, set up by a division of the National Institutes of Health in February, promptly recommended that the study be halted and the drug given to the placebo patients...
...agents -- the interferons, tumor-necrosis factor or interleukins, for example. Last year, in one of immunotherapy's most promising clinical trials to date, Rosenberg's team used the hormone-like substance interleukin-2 to turn certain white blood cells into cancer destroyers called lymphokine- activated killers. Reinjected into the bloodstream with more IL-2, LAK cells shrank or eliminated tumors in several patients. As news of the experiment spread, desperate cancer victims around the country besieged the NCI for LAK treatment. Able to take only a handful of patients, the institute is still turning away hundreds each week. Nearly overlooked...