Word: bloodstream
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...bizarre stratagems men and women have cooked up to reduce weight without cutting back on food, this latest one takes the cake. It's a pill that makes you thinner not by suppressing appetite or speeding up metabolism but by preventing fat from entering the bloodstream (and the hips, the belly and the buttocks), one greasy molecule at a time. Liz Smith, the syndicated gossip columnist, calls it the new "dream drug." The Times of London, which should know better, pronounced it a "pain-free pill that allows us to stay slim for life while eating what we like...
...work is based on the landmark experiment performed in 1990 by NIH Drs. W. French Anderson, Michael Blaese and Kenneth Culver on two Ohio girls, ages 4 and 9. Neither child was producing ADA, an enzyme that rids the bloodstream of harmful metabolic products. The absence of ADA can cause SCID by allowing toxic substances to accumulate and destroy immune-system cells. Both children had been kept alive by weekly injections of PEG-ADA, a costly synthetic enzyme, but neither was in good health...
...latest experiment at the NIH, Blaese administered a drug to one of his two original Ohio patients that coaxed some stem cells out of the bone marrow and into her bloodstream. Extracting blood, he painstakingly separated out the rare stem cells, inserted normal ADA genes into their DNA and injected the cells back into the girl's bloodstream, hoping that they would migrate back to the marrow and take up permanent residence...
...drew out the umbilical blood. She rushed it to Childrens Hospital in Los Angeles, where a team led by Drs. Donald Kohn and Kenneth Weinberg separated the stem cells and endowed them with normal ADA genes. Then the newly equipped stem cells were injected into the baby's bloodstream. Two days later, Wara went through the procedure on Zachary Riggins in San Francisco, after his stem cells had been shuttled to Kohn and Weinberg in Los Angeles for genetic engineering...
...would use the AIDS virus itself as a vector to deliver antiviral genes to white blood cells infected with the AIDS virus. After incapacitating the virus so that it cannot reproduce and splicing a therapeutic gene into its genetic material, researchers would inject it into an AIDS patient's bloodstream. It could be the ideal vector for treating the disease, zeroing in on the T cells normally infected by the AIDS virus...