Word: bloodstream
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...Ronald Kennedy, chair of the department of microbiology and immunology at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, and an expert on the spread of AIDS and the search for a vaccine. The fight against AIDS is no longer about wiping out all traces of the virus in the bloodstream, says Dr. Kennedy. Now scientists are focusing on the development of an HIV/AIDS vaccine that behaves like most other vaccines: the virus is purposefully introduced into the body in order to boost immune response, which doctors hope will lower the viral load and prevent AIDS from taking hold in the first...
Eric Drexler, who popularized the phrase nanotechnology in 1986, predicts we will have nanobots coursing through our bloodstream, destroying our cancer cells within a generation or two. Few share his vision, but Kurzweil defends conceptual engineers like Drexler and points out that a University of Illinois at Chicago bioengineer is developing a capsule that secretes insulin through pores as small...
...emphasize only what they know for sure. Their study involved just 28 patients, and while the scientists came to three conclusions, lead author Dr. David Cummings of the University of Washington says, "I feel very solid about two of them." The first is that ghrelin levels in the bloodstream rise significantly before meals and drop afterward. This suggests that ghrelin is involved in triggering the desire to eat--and indeed, earlier studies performed since the hormone was discovered in 1999 have shown that a ghrelin injection just before a meal causes people to eat more than they normally would...
...fairly frequent basis last year, technicians at Massachusetts General Hospital injected 40 milligrams of cocaine directly into the bloodstream of cocaine addicts. With a set of defibrillators kept handy in case of cardiac arrest, the addicts were given MRIs and monitored for changes in heart rate and blood pressure. The subjects walked out of the hospital with some information on drug addiction, their anonymity and a gift certificate for $260 to a supermarket in exchange for a promise not to use any more cocaine that...
...boys, has been playing catch-up as well. Simple observation tells us that women tend to get drunk more quickly than men. Now we're learning precisely why: women's bodies have a higher ratio of fat to water, so alcohol is less diluted when it enters the bloodstream. They also have lower levels of an enzyme that helps break down alcohol. Emerging research shows that liquor also corrodes women's bodies more quickly. As adults, women tend to develop liver disease 10 to 15 years earlier than men, even if women consume only a fraction of the daily alcohol...