Word: board
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...argues that the board's fallible members frequently misjudge how much to expand or shrink the money supply, and that their actions often exaggerate the swings of an economy that they are supposed to stabilize...
Today's stubborn inflation, according to Friedman and his adherents, has been greatly magnified by Federal Reserve Board mistakes. From April 1965 to April 1966, the money supply expanded at an abnormally high 9½%-per-year rate, even though inflation was on the rise. Too late, says Friedman, the board reversed itself too emphatically, and caused the "credit crunch" of August 1966. In 1968, the board, fearful that the tax surcharge would overburden the private economy, increased the money supply at an average annual rate of 10%?almost twice the rate that the economy could absorb without inflation. Then...
Friedman's fact-laden criticisms of the Federal Reserve have considerably undermined its once sacrosanct standing as the arbiter of U.S. monetary affairs. Mindful of his formulations, the Congressional Joint Economic Committee has been pressuring the board to expand money supply at a rate of between 2% and 6% a year. The board has refused to go that far. but it has begun providing the committee with quarterly reports explaining its money-supply maneuvers...
...faster if big banks had not discovered ingenious methods of avoiding the Federal Reserve's pincers. To help meet corporations' vast appetites for loans in the face of the credit shortage, U.S. banks borrowed $13.3 billion in Eurodollars?U.S. dollars in private hands abroad?and brought them home. The board finally closed that loophole by imposing a 10% reserve requirement on borrowed Eurodollars. Thereafter, the banks circumvented restraint by issuing vast quantities of commercial paper ?unsecured promissory notes. Belatedly, the Reserve Board plugged that loophole by placing an interest-rate ceiling on commercial paper. Now, big Manhattan banks have...
...stay open, authorities admit. Federal Reserve officials feared that if they had closed every gap in the regulations, some banks might have failed. In a banking system based on confidence, that might have touched off a financial panic, something that the Federal Reserve is sworn to prevent. Still, Board Chairman Bill Martin admitted to Congress that the "safety valve" had become "an escape hatch through which restraints are being avoided." The banks also flooded the country with new credit cards, which stimulated consumer spending and certainly did not reduce