Word: bolognas
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...Eastern European regimes on the absence of genuine democracy, the document states heretically that orthodox Communism "ends up not only by killing liberty and creative energy but slows down the very economic, technological and cultural dynamism of society." Says Gianfranco Pasquino, professor of political science at the University of Bologna: "The Communist Party is now so far away from the Soviet Union that one can no longer speak of a possible break-the break has already taken place." That view may go too far, but even some of the Communists' opponents agree. Said Flaminio Piccoli, secretary-general of Italy...
...from the view of modern art that revolves around "movements" and historical groupings, a kind of seraphic misfit. He was not a joiner moved nowhere, did a little teaching, and spent most of the last 45 years of his life in a slightly musty, secluded flat in Bologna, the red-brick provincial city whose reluctant cultural ornament he had become. In all his life he stepped out of Italy only to cross the border for a few brief trips into nearby parts of Switzerland. Il Monaco, one critic nicknamed him, the Monk: a big heavy man, gray on gray, shuffling...
...Futurists tried to marshal art into a relentless machine-age spectacle. In the '20s and '30s, Mussolini and his cultural gang strove to co-opt Italian modernism into Fascist propaganda-dynamism, simplification. By the late '40s and '50s, socialist realism (especially in Bologna, which prided itself on its worker traditions) was trying, amid clouds of polemic, to become the house style of Italian art. All through this, Morandi stayed where he was, looking at his plain table of dusty bottles...
...picture. (To make sure that nothing disturbed the precise relationships he put them in, Morandi drew chalk circles around the bases of his "models" on the surface of the table.) Sometimes the things have the look of architecture; the slender bottle necks, leaning together, vaguely recall the towers of Bologna and San Gimignano. Occasionally their groups, bound together by some mutual gravitation of shape, might remind one of people insecurely huddled on the edge of Morandi's small flat earth, the tabletop...
...fact that Italy did not have a dictatorship analogous to that of Greece at the time." Concluded the investigators' report: "Lodge P2 is a secret sect that has combined business and politics with the intention of destroying the constitutional order of the country." Gelli testified in a Bologna court in 1976 that "I am convinced of the need for a constitutional restructuring that would change Italy from a parliamentary republic to a presidential republic...