Word: bolshevik
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...long membership in its organizational and political bureaus, possibly its most influential member. Men who have worked close to Kaganovich adjudge him its "thinking" member. Identified in the past with the rise to power of both Khrushchev and Malenkov, and held in some trust by both factions, old Bolshevik Kaganovich is regarded as the chief advocate of the current "collective leadership," under which all the wary Kremlin gang can hang on to their lives and jobs if no one of them gets too strong...
Sorokin, who initiated the College's department of Sociology in 1931, is content, however, even to glance at the idea of worldwide creative altruism. His early years, spent amidst the violence and destruction of revolutionary Russia where he once waited weeks in prison expecting a Bolshevik firing squad, impressed on him how necessary a formula for peace was to the world...
Washington was warm during 1917, but things were decidedly hotter in Petrograd. On the night of October 24 Lenin and a well-organized group of Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government and proclaimed themselves the new rulers of Russia. News of the revolt shocked the whole world, but it positively astounded the members of the Russian embassy in Washington. On the next day Karpovich himself decoded a cable from Trotsky, in which the Bolshevik leader said that if the diplomats there would recognize the new regime they might continue to represent Russia, but if not, would they please vacate the embassy...
...years ago and the tremendous effect it has had on his life. Such reflection is precisely consistent with his theory of history, which holds that no event is inevitable and that any minute happening may profoundly change the world. Specifically, Karpovich tries to show the Western nations that the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 was not an "inevitable," unavoidable result of previous Russian history. He points out that there is no basic affinity between communism and the Russian national character, and that--as Lenin himself admitted--the October Revolution could never have succeeded if the war had not demoralized the country...
...changes currently taking place in Russia, no matter how radical they seem, are merely part of a slow evolutionary process that is affecting the regime. But even with this careful answer, Karpovich scrupulously points out that he himself once spent five years waiting for the imminent collapse of the Bolshevik government, and that his opinions about modern Russia are therefore not worth very much. "I have been wrong so many times before that I prefer not to make any predictions now," says the man who left Russian 38 years ago and would not go back today, but who is nevertheless...