Word: bolshevik
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World War I led to the Bolshevik Revolution, a power vacuum in Central Europe that was eventually filled by Adolf Hitler, and a British-French carve- up of the Middle East that 72 years later still forms the background for bloodshed. World War II boosted the Soviet Union to the status of a superpower dominating Eastern Europe and challenging the other superpower, the U.S., in a cold war that began almost as soon as the bombs stopped falling. The Korean War ended with U.S. forces stationed approximately on the line along which the shooting began. In the almost 38 years...
...city, built on islands in the Neva River. But the workday is far from over for Leningrad Mayor Anatoli Sobchak. In his elegant second-floor office, once used by the Czars, he reflects on the problems of this metropolis of 5 million, famed as the cradle of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. "I feel as if I am wrapped in cotton wool," he says. "I try to get things done and find I cannot move...
...late 1934, Leonid Nikolayev, a disgruntled ex-Bolshevik, showed up outside the Smolny Institute in Leningrad, where Kirov's office was located. Nikolayev was arrested, probably because he looked suspicious. He was searched and found to be carrying a gun. Yet he was set free. The only conclusion is that he was released on orders from higher-ups in the same organization who had sent him to commit a terrorist act. A short time afterward, Nikolayev penetrated Smolny and shot Kirov as he was coming up the stairway. Kirov's bodyguard had lagged behind...
That would be a breathtaking plunge. The 500-day Shatalin program would reverse the basic aim of the Bolshevik revolution and Stalin's brutal overlay of collectivism by creating a nation of shopkeepers -- or more accurately, a federation of republics with economies built on private businesses, individually owned farms, entrepreneurial investments, and stock markets trading shares in competitive companies...
...Lvov the town hall, bustling with activity, is reminiscent of Lenin's headquarters in the opening days of the Bolshevik Revolution. Only this is a revolution against communist control. Youths in blue jeans huddle in smoke- filled corridors with city council representatives in peasant blouses, discussing plans to purge Lvov of emblems, propaganda posters and street names that are, in the words of one deputy, "trademarks of Soviet power." Busts of Lenin and Marx in two wall niches have already been replaced -- by vases...