Word: bolshevik
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...last half of the 19th century, Czarist armies finally conquered the region and called all of it Turkestan. Until the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, local emirs continued to rule, and Mohammedanism was not interfered with. Rebelling against the feudal lords, Moslem intellectuals helped the Reds win control in a savage civil war that lasted until 1924. After it was over, Stalin set to work with calculated savagery to Russianize and communize the area. Tribal groups were broken up and nomads forced into collectives. In ten years, uncounted millions died from starvation or were killed. Then the Soviets turned to extirpating...
...remain this side of the Communist agricultural paradise than by Red China's earlier insistence that it would reach Marxism's pearly gates ahead of Russia itself. In his bluntest assault yet on Mao Tse-tung's rural communes, Khrushchev recalled that soon after the Bolshevik Revolution, some Soviet leaders had also decided that the way to achieve true Communism was by herding the peasantry into communes. "Well, they organized communes," he said. "But neither the material nor political conditions for it-I mean the consciousness of the peasant masses-then existed. A situation arose in which...
...second generation Bolshevik, Kozlov was born in 1908-three years after the first big uprising against the Czar-in the village of Loshchinino. Ryazan province. His parents, he says, were poor farmers who owned their land but had to piece out their living by working at a nearby textile factory. At 15, Frol went to work in the textile plant and at 18 became a member of the Communist Party, which sent him off to a worker's school and later to Leningrad Polytechnic Institute. Engineer Kozlov served for a time as foreman in a steel plant...
...Bolshevik Juan Marinello, Cuba's Communist Party, which got back into business the day Batista fell, is today at the peak of its influence. Its 24,000 members form the only active political party on the island. Card carriers or sympathizers in key civilian spots include: Carlos Franqui, former proofreader on the Red daily Hoy and now editor of Castro's paper La Revolution (circ. 80,000); David Salvador, chief of the labor federation; Francisco Alonso, head of the National Fine Arts Commission; Vicentina Antuña, chief of the National Institute of Culture...
...says that he "came from a long line of Armenian traders." According to his fiction-varnished official biography, he studied at an Armenian seminary in Tiflis (where Stalin studied for the priesthood at a Russian Orthodox seminary two decades earlier), showed daring as a youthful Red leader in the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, was wounded at the barricades, narrowly escaped execution when captured by anti-Bolshevik forces. Escaping execution proved to be a special Mikoyan talent, highly useful for a man who managed to survive for a quarter-century as a high official under the insanely suspicious Stalin...