Word: bolsheviks
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...Deputies knows that this is simply not true. The Russian is more than a democrat; in his heart of hearts, he is an anarchist. Russia's rulers have lived in constant dread of the kind of spontaneous, popular uprisings that troubled the czarist era and set off the Bolshevik Revolution. After the communists came to power, others strove to topple them as the sailors of Kronstadt and the Tambov peasants rebelled against the new regime. It has been this way throughout Russian history: early chronicles describe how ancestors of the Russians appealed to neighboring Vikings to come in and rule...
...entire nation, they give rise to a militant patriotism based on a no-fault Russia. This is expressed today in its most virulent form by the neofascist Pamyat movement, which wants to absolve Russians of responsibility for the horrors of the communist era. Pamyat contends that the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution was actually conceived and carried out by Freemasons and Jews. The search for scapegoats was a national passion long before Stalin filled the docks at show trials, and the fall of the Soviet Union has sparked another round of finger pointing. This time, democrats and conservatives have reached rare unanimity...
Every time a slapdash imitation of something Western goes wrong, the Slavophiles latch on to it as evidence of the danger posed by alien ideas. In their view, the Bolshevik Revolution exactly fits this category. The current fashion for wearing czarist-era uniforms and holding balls for descendants of the old nobility reflects an intense nostalgia for a Russia long gone, a monarchist age that appears as full of sunlight and promise for the Slavophiles as it was dark and despairing for the communists. The traditionalists take inspiration from prerevolutionary conservatives like Pyotr Stolypin, the assassinated Prime Minister of Czar...
...although the designs of Lissitzky and others were used quite often for hoardings, rostrums and so forth, there is no way of judging their actual political effect, if any. What really won a place in the Bolshevik propaganda effort was photography and the new art of photocollage, brilliantly deployed -- in combination with sharp, eye-rattling typographic forms -- in book jackets, handbills and movie posters. Anton Lavinsky's 1926 poster for Eisenstein's Battleship Potemkin, which grabs the eye with the staring authority of those two black cannon muzzles framing the whispering, mutinous sailor, is a classic of the genre...
...LAST YEAR FROM A PIT NEAR Yekaterinburg, Russia, were not just any old bones: they were believed to be the remains of the murdered Czar Nicholas II and his family. If that were true, scientific examination of the remains could solve some of the mysteries surrounding the 1918 Bolshevik execution of the Romanovs. But would anyone believe the conclusions of the Russian investigators? To ensure credibility, government officials took the unprecedented step of inviting a team of American forensic experts to examine the remains and offer an independent assessment. "That's tantamount to the U.S. asking the Russians for help...