Word: bolsheviks
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...Soviet army colonel in a karakul hat who proudly displayed an icon in a gilt- and-silver frame, and a gray-bearded orator who harangued curious bystanders over a megaphone. In a rambling tirade, the speaker called for the spiritual renewal of Russia, denouncing "Jewish Marxists" for masterminding the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, which destroyed "all that was sacred to the Russian people...
Other territories the new Bolshevik regime fought to retain. The Ukraine declared its independence in 1918, but the Red Army recaptured it the following year. Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia similarly declared their independence, then formed a Transcaucasian Federation that even won de facto ; recognition from the Western allies, but here too the Red Army soon marched in and took over. And so things remained until World War II, when Joseph Stalin began trying to re-create the empire of the Czars -- and more. By attacking the Finns in 1939, he seized a slice of southern Finland; by making a deal...
...virtually annihilated the Russian Navy. Czar Nicholas II barely survived the humiliation and the subsequent revolution that swept over Russia. Eleven years later he blundered into another war, another defeat, another revolution. In the 1918 Treaty of Brest Litovsk, the Germans' price for making peace with the shaky new Bolshevik regime included stripping away Russia's western holdings: Finland, Poland and the Baltic states all regained their independence...
...theoretical split among socialists began shortly after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. "The source of disagreement in the Marxist left today is over the question of Russia," explains Springston. "How you define that is how you define socialism...
...meeting, radical-minded reformers staged their most impressive political strike so far. Indeed, it is difficult to come up with anything comparable since the early years of the Bolshevik regime. A crowd of more than 200,000 wound its way through the center of Moscow to the very shadow of the Kremlin walls for a rally promoting democratic change. The message was clear from the banners bobbing above the marchers: SOVIET COMMUNIST PARTY, WE'RE TIRED OF YOU! . . . AWAY WITH LIGACHEV AND HIS CLIQUE . . . 72 YEARS ON THE ROAD TO NOWHERE. If reform-shy regional party secretaries gathered...