Word: bones
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...shoulder is set up differently than any other joint. Whereas your hip can be likened to a ball in a socket (a cantaloupe in a bowler hat seems more apt) your shoulder, bone-wise is like a basketball on a tea-saucer. It has very little mechanical stability by virtue of its bony architecture. In other words, it would be always dislocated were it not for the soft tissues that surround it. Your shoulder moves more widely and in more different ways than any other joint in the body, yet it's very strong. The design feature that enables these...
Hmmmm. I'd say Katherine Harris, because there's more meat on the bone...
Although sports injuries are a danger at any age, youngsters in their preteen and early teen years are particularly vulnerable, especially to vigorous, repetitive movement, because of the way their bones grow. Instead of expanding all along their length, as you might assume, young bones generate new tissue at so-called growth plates located near the ends of most bones. "The growth plate is actually at its most vulnerable in the year before it closes," says Dr. Jon Divine, medical director of the Sports Medicine Biodynamics Center at Cincinnati Children's Hospital in Ohio. Reason: a protective band of tissue...
Kids who play sports like baseball and tennis risk elbow injuries from repeated throwing and hitting. The growth plate at the end of a bone is especially vulnerable: fracturing or tearing away of the bone can cause the plate to become deformed...
...knee ligaments and cartilages are just like this; the same abnormality that hurts some folks doesn't hurt others. Over 80% of asymptomatic adult volunteers (people with no pain at all) who let us do an MRI of their necks were found to have abnormalities - like disc herniations and bone spurs - that we commonly operate on in symptomatic patients. The rotator cuff, my particular expertise, is even more mysterious. When it's torn and symptomatic, there is measurable weakness. A big, symptomatic tear often makes it impossible even to raise one's arm to eye level, and this doesn...