Word: bootstrapping
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...AMERICAN recession and the consequent decline in capital investment has exposed the debility of the "Operation Bootstrap" economic expansion plan, the foundation of Puerto Rico's economy. Begun in 1947 by the first elected government, Bootstrap and it's successor "Fomento" offered tax exemptions, government assistance, and cheap labor to attract runaway industry from the United States. At its onset, the Bootstrap program was the vigorous economic ideology of Puerto Rico's first mass reform movement, the Popular Democratic Party (PDP). The founders of the party saw Bootstrap as the way to make Puerto Rico's status as a self...
...same premise as the earlier Commentary critiques: they would favor reverting to the affirmative action of the 60's, when firms were asked to expand pools but no minorities or women would receive advantages in hiring. But rather than base their arguments on merit values or on the bootstrap philosophy, these accounts assert that things are much better for black people than government bureaucracies care to imagine. For Glazer, the struggle is over, the redneck racists are gone; the cry of institutional racism becomes the refuge and protector of the incompetent woman or minority...
Spellbinder Hyles was anything but that in his first stuttering try at preaching in 1947. "Elijah blushed and Heaven's flag flew at half-mast for three days," he says. In classic bootstrap style, Hyles proceeded to enroll in speech courses while clerking at J.C. Penney's in Marshall, Texas. Before long, he was wowing audiences with a folksy, rip-roaring delivery. He took a church and was summoned to the Hammond pulpit...
...does not accept a negative print of America. Manifestly the ancient immigrant dream maintains its obstinate hold on the national imagination. Nor does it appear only on election days. It can be observed any time, disguised but perceptible, at gatherings where social progress is hooted down by bootstrap sociologists-"We pulled ourselves up, why can't they...
...little more than two decades, Puerto Rico has lifted itself from a sleepy agricultural backwater to a modern state brisk with industry, commerce and tourism. Much of the reason for this transformation lies in the historic economic program "Operation Bootstrap," which provided large tax incentives to lure development capital to the island. For all the progress, however, living conditions for many Puerto Ricans remain poor...