Word: boron
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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Unquestioned was the priority and importance of last week's announcement from the Rue Pierre-Curie. With alpha particles, which for more than a decade have been used to bombard vulnerable substances, the Curie-Joliots attacked boron. The expected neutrons hopped out instantly. But positrons (positive electrons) shot out also, and kept on shooting out after the bombardment stopped, as though the boron had been stimulated into a state of radioactivity. After 15 minutes the positrons were still darting out 30% as fast as at first: after 30 minutes 9% as fast; after 45 minutes 2.7%. Theoretically the radiation...
...Paris the Jean Frederic Joliots (daughter & son-in-law of Mme Marie Sklodowska Curie) projected alpha particles at lithium atoms. From each collision they recovered a boron atom and a neutron, which together weighed more than the original lithium atom and alpha particle. Dr. Kenneth Tompkins Bainbridge of the Bartol Research Foundation showed that the additional weight must have come from the energy which propelled the alpha particle at the lithium atom...
...Paris last year the Curie-Joliots bombarded a piece of lithium with alpha particles, produced neutrons and boron atoms. The scientific world at that time was engrossed with neutrons whose existence Cambridge University atomic physicists had just discovered (TIME, March 7, 1932). The significance of the boron atoms in the Curie-Joliot experiment attracted less attention until last week Dr. Kenneth T. Bainbridge, who weighs atoms at Bartol Research Foundation laboratories in Swarthmore, Pa., presented an interpretation...
...fact that boron atoms and neutrons resulted when alpha particles struck lithium atoms confirms the Einstein Formula, Dr. Bainbridge declared. The Einstein Formula which Dr. Albert Einstein reached through recondite logic, looks simple: Mc² equals E.* It simply demonstrates that mass and energy are interchangeable, that heat can bundle itself into a lump of coal as well as a lump of coal can dissipate into heat...
...almost seven (reasoned Dr. Bainbridge in effect). An alpha particle has an atomic weight which may be called four. If they merged during the Curie-Joliot bombardment, their combined weight was almost eleven. If the alpha particle and lithium atom did merge, they at once split into a boron atom and a neutron, whose combined weights totaled infinitesimally more than the combined weights of the lithium atom and alpha particle...