Word: bosch
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Like most apprentice painters of the period, Bruegel had begun by making a trip to Italy to learn how Madonnas were done. The experience left his Protestant nature cold; he preferred the brawling uncertainties of the North, and the moralizing surrealism of his Flemish forerunner, Hieronymus Bosch (TIME, Sept. 15). Before he died in 1569, Bruegel was to paint a series of complicated masterpieces in oil, but he got his start working from and for the market place, selling his engravings cheap. His horny-handed customers were bound to appreciate pictured proverbs like The Hay Runs After the Horse (symbolizing...
...20th Century, Max Ernst (see col. 3) renounced the pleasures of painting the sunlit world he saw around him. By concentrating on the feathered, taloned, sharp-toothed horrors visible to his inner eye, Ernst became modern art's first surrealist (old masters Bosch, Brueghel, Grünewald, and others had been there be fore him). All Ernst had to do was to close his eyes to see Satan hovering before him in the studio. And Ernst's Satan was easy to recognize: he invariably looked like everything that Ernst feared most...
...Author. Slight, courtly Charles de Tolnay got his appointment to the Institute in 1939. He left France with his wife on the day of French mobilization. His library-a fine one-had preceded him. Behind him was a European career marked by outstanding monographs on Breugel the Elder, Hieronymus Bosch, the brothers van Eyck, and brilliant lectures at the Sorbonne...
...heyday of the Nazi Party's rise to world power, the Auslandsdeutschen-Germans living abroad-met each year to plan their fifth-column tactics. Last week a half hour's raid left extensive areas of Stuttgart afire, presumably including the Daimler-Benz motor plants, the Bosch ignition works, the mass-production auto factory of Opel and many other war-important industries...
Stiffly formal and preponderantly religious, they showed demure madonnas suckling solemn-faced infants, martyrs suffering horrible tortures with quiet dignity, earnest, humorless burghers and princes and their doll-faced wives. Single exception to the prevailing solemnity was a grimly humorous allegory by Painter Hieronymus Bosch (see cut), showing with peasant grotesqueness and a premonition of surrealism the hag-ridden death of an irresolute miser...