Word: boson
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...particle has assisted scientists in creating a more unified theory because it consists of a photon-like particle and of an unknown entity, known as the Goldstone Boson...
There are no doubt plenty of frontiers left for CERN to push back. Though LEP does not appear to be powerful enough to find the top quark, the "clean" electron-positron collisions could reveal many other exotic phenomena. One long shot is the much-sought Higgs boson, named for British theoretical physicist Peter Higgs, one of the first to recognize its importance. According to some theories, the Higgs boson is what gives all particles their mass. The idea is that everything in the universe is awash in a seaof Higgs bosons, and particles acquire their mass by swimming through this...
...science should be nothing short of spectacular. By the SSC's projected start-up date of 2000, most of the i's and t's of the Standard Model should long since have been dotted and crossed. Finding the Higgs boson should complete the task. But, contends Columbia University's Frank Scuilli, "there are intrinsic limits to the model, and people believe those limits are going to show up in the SSC, along with a whole new layer of matter we didn't know of before...
...that every particle is really a vibrating loop of stringlike material that exists in ten-dimensional space (most of these dimensions are confined to such a small scale that we never notice them). Whether the string takes on the role of a quark or an electron or a Higgs boson depends simply on how it vibrates...