Word: bosporus
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...Kremlin blueprint taking form, but they are nonetheless deeply concerned. They can imagine a "Finlandized" or neutralized Turkey, a Sovietized Afghanistan, a Balkanized Pakistan and an Iran in some still unpredictable state of disarray. Politically tenuous and strategically crucial, this band of non-Arab Islamic countries stretches from the Bosporus in the west to the Hindu Kush in the east?nearly 3,000 miles of buffer between Russia and the warm waters of the Mediterranean, the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea. It is potentially a geopolitical disaster area, in which the strategic balance is shifting in favor...
...Carter Administration favors more sympathy toward Turkey, which shares a 370-mile border with the Soviet Union. Turkey also controls the Bosporus and the Dardanelles, strategic straits that provide access to the Mediterranean for Russia's powerful Black Sea fleet. Moreover, Turkey's entire 500,000-strong armed forces have been seriously weakened by the arms embargo; the effectiveness of its air force has declined by 50%. Says Secretary of State Cyrus Vance: "Turkey supplies more ground forces to NATO than any other na tion. If Turkey is to continue to play its NATO role, our relationship must be revitalized...
There can hardly have been two distant cities whose fate was, for good and ill, more intimately linked than Venice and Constantinople. Soon after the Emperor Constantino the Great established his new Christian Rome by the Bosporus in 334 A.D., Constantinople, the fabled golden city of Byzantium, became the matrix of European civilization. During Constantinople's rise, Rome was a tract of ruins and Venice only a cluster of wattle huts on a lagoon mudbank...
...American C-130-and by Russia's largest air transports, the turboprop AN-22, which has a payload of 80 tons (30 tons less than the giant U.S. C-5A Galaxy). The Soviets also transported an unknown quantity of supplies by ship from Black Sea ports through the Bosporus to the Syrian ports of Tartus and Latakia and to Alexandria in Egypt...
...gloved rule is Turkey's economic prosperity. Exports (primarily tobacco, textiles, hazelnuts and cotton) have reached a record high, and so has the balance of payments surplus. Tourism will set new records this year despite inadequate hotel space, and a massive suspension bridge is being built across the Bosporus at Istanbul. Social life in the cities is gay, albeit a trifle restricted. Ankara hostesses, aware that under martial law no one is allowed on the city's streets after the 1:30 a.m. curfew, always make certain that their parties end before that time...