Word: bottlenecks
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Several hundred of the 48,000 state-owned firms have already been put on a self-financing basis and have elected their own plant managers. Some 20 ministries and more than 70 large firms have been allowed to buy and sell products abroad without going through the bureaucratic bottleneck of the Foreign Trade Ministry. Part of the hard currency these firms earn from such transactions may be used to buy badly needed foreign equipment and technology. A similar strategy seems to be behind a new law permitting joint ventures with foreign companies. Under regulations adopted last January, a Western firm...
...course is his role in the long-term development and "humanizing" of Harvard's science curriculum. In chairing the Curriculum Committee in Chemistry, he collaborated with Medical School administrators to establish the "life science"-oriented organic chemistry courses, Chem 17 and 27, as an alternative route through the "orgo" bottleneck...
...more capacious, this design has become increasingly inefficient. While it is easy to expand memory, it is hard to increase the capacity of the processor. As a result, giant machines are forced to draw their data through a single narrow passageway known by computer scientists as the Von Neumann bottleneck...
...widen that bottleneck is to add more processors. Over the past five years, dozens of computer designers have taken this approach, adding from several to a few hundred processing units and letting them share, in parallel, the task of handling data...
...Connection Machine tries to do away with the bottleneck by overwhelming it with processors, 65,536 of them. Acting in concert, they can handle massive amounts of data. Equally important, each processor is assigned its own tiny memory bank. This means that processing and memory, once separated by a narrow channel, are now integrated within a fingernail-size piece of silicon. Moreover, each processor is directly or indirectly connected to every other one through what is in effect a miniature telephone system with 4,096 switching stations and 24,576 trunk lines that can be programmed and reprogrammed without actually...