Word: bottoms
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Danbury is followed by other New York exurbs: central New Jersey's Middlesex, Hunterdon and Somerset counties; Norwalk, Conn.; and Long Island. Then come San Francisco; Nashua, N.H.; Los Angeles-Long Beach; Orange County, Calif.; Boston; and Bergen and Passaic counties in New Jersey. At the bottom of the list: Jackson, Mich., and Atlantic City...
...Pacific coastal waters are generally cleaner than most, but they also contain pockets of dead -- and deadly -- water. Seattle's Elliott Bay is contaminated with a mix of copper, lead, arsenic, zinc, cadmium and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chemicals once widely used by the ( electrical-equipment industry. "The bottom of this bay is a chart of industrial history," says Thomas Hubbard, a water-quality planner for Seattle. "If you took a core sample, you could date the Depression, World War II. You could see when PCBs were first used and when they were banned and when lead was eliminated from gasoline...
...five years, at 200 locations around the U.S., the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has been studying mussels, oysters and bottom- dwelling fish, like flounder, that feed on the pollutant-rich sediment. These creatures, like canaries placed in a coal mine to detect toxic gases, serve as reliable indicators of the presence of some 50 contaminants. The news is not good. Coastal areas with dense populations and a long history of industrial discharge show the highest levels of pollution. Among the worst, according to Charles Ehler of NOAA: Boston Harbor, the Hudson River-Raritan estuary on the New Jersey coast...
There, nutrients and contaminants that have dissolved in freshwater encounter the ionized salts of seawater. The resulting chemical reactions create particles that incorporate the pollutants, which then settle to the bottom. As natural sinks for contaminants, these turbidity zones protect the heart of the estuary and the ocean waters beyond...
...seem unlikely, but according to a recent National Geographic Society survey of nine countries, Americans ranked at the very bottom in their knowledge of geography. When asked to identify 16 spots on the map, including the United States, the Soviet Union, the Pacific Ocean and the Persian Gulf, American adults averaged 8.6 correct answers. Swedes ranked the highest, with 11.6 points...