Word: bourgeoise
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Horowitz outlines the causes of the Second World War through class analysis, synthesizing works of such Leftist scholars as Barrington Moore Jr., Franz Neumann, and A.J.P. Taylor. Much clarification of this subject is needed as World War Two has seemed to contradict class analysis; one would expect that the capitalists...
More importantly Horowitz fails to discuss two important themes related to socialist revolutions which have occupied much attention by Leftist writers recently. Why do bourgeois (capitalist) revolutions fail in some countries? And what problems arise out of differences in the economic development models of socialist countries?
Trotsky's concept of "permanent revolution" challenged capitalist hegemony in Third World countries. It stressed the possibility of by passing the bourgeois economic stage moving directly from feudalism to socialism. Belated bourgeois revolutions could be directly challenged instead of promoted by communist revolutionaries.
In China this capitalist drive for power was undermined by foreign imperialism which destroyed the old Confucian system and worked to inhibit the growth of an independent bourgeois class. Only the CCP, the strongest domestic force, could unify the country. Across the Sea, Japan stood as a classic counter-example...
The problems and crises of the Russian and Chinese revolutions necessitated different answers which reflected, in part, two economic development models. Russia chose to use bourgeois incentives of pay differentials to create an industrial elite of management and trained experts. Mao, on the other hand, challenged Russian socialism in his...