Word: braine
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...affect their behavior later in life. Pain unleashes a destructive cascade of stress hormones that can weaken the immune system and make the heart rate and blood pressure soar. Studies in the 1970s and '80s showed that babies deprived of anesthesia during surgery were more likely to develop infections, brain hemorrhages, muscle wasting and difficulties in healing...
...facilities for performing the procedure. But the facilities are not always the problem. In Japan, for instance, people are not pronounced dead until the heart stops, and then it is too late to donate the organ. (In the U.S., heart donations are possible because death is pronounced when brain activity ceases.) Dr. Torao Tokuda, chairman of the Tokushu-Kai Medical Corp., owner of 40 hospitals and 70 clinics in Japan, plans to spread the Batista procedure to all his facilities. Says one of his top surgeons, Dr. Hisayoshi Suma: "This surgery is of great importance worldwide...
...early on, Ernest approached Dr. Mark Siegler, director of the University of Chicago's MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, for advice. As Siegler and many others saw it, there were no insurmountable barriers to the use of fetal tissue for medical purposes. After all, organs and tissue from brain-dead children and adults are donated for transplantation all the time. And while such deaths are tragic, they are caused not in order to obtain the organs but by events, such as automobile accidents, over which transplant teams have no control. Abortion, advised Siegler, could be viewed as another such...
When Jackson was wheeled into the institute, Dr. Aryeh Shander, chief of anesthesiology and critical-care medicine, and his team moved swiftly. First, they essentially paralyzed the patient with drugs to reduce the demand for oxygen by his muscles, brain, lungs and other organs. Next, they gave him high-potency formulations of iron supplements and vitamins, plus "industrial doses" of a blood-building drug, synthetic erythropoietin, that stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells. Finally, intravenous fluids were administered to goad what little circulation he had left...
During surgery, bloodless practitioners often do everything they can to stave off any blood loss that might require a transfusion. Among the techniques: cryosurgery to freeze tissue to be removed, or use of a harmonic scalpel, a vibrating laser that simultaneously cuts tissue and clots blood. Brain surgeons treating tumors and repairing blood-vessel malformations are also using a state-of-the-art gamma "knife" that delivers a high dose of radiation to precise points in the head through tiny holes in a helmet that resembles a salon hair dryer...