Word: brained
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Dates: during 1920-1929
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...experiments, conducted under the direction of Assistant Professors E. L. Chaffee and W. T. Bovic of the Physics Department, were made with extremely delicate electrical apparatus which amplified about 500 times the nerve impulses passing from the eye to the brain...
...long been known that light passing through the lens of the eye makes an image on the retina at the back of the eyeball, as on a photographic plate, and that the impulse which then carries the message from the retina along the optic nerves to the brain is in the nature of an electrical disturbance. Such men as Walter and Jolly in England and Einthoven in Holland have been able to measure coughly the intensity of this electrical impulse. They have represented its intensity by a curve, and have found that when a light is flashed upon...
...these investigations have now been pushed much farther and made more exact. The recent experiments were performed upon the eyes of frogs. The frog was killed and his eye was then immediately removed. The eyeball was cut in two and the optic nerve, which ordinarily connects it with the brain, was attached instead to two electrodes connected with a vacuum-tube amplifier such as is used in wireless telegraphy...
This was connected with a string galvanometer so adjusted that it registered the slightest electrical disturbance. In other words, whatever the frog's eye "saw" was reported electrically, not to the frog's brain, but to this galvanometer, and amplified 500 times...
...color-impulses were transmitted from the tiny "cones" on the retina to the brain has not previously been known. Professor Chaffee and Professor Bovie discovered that all impulses passing along the optic nerve are rhythmical, that they go in a series of extremely rapid pulsation's or separate impulses, and that the nature of this rhythm varies with the color of the light seen...