Word: branched
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...moment when a satisfactory balance existed between the presidency and the forces outside that seek to diminish it has rarely if ever occurred. Thomas Jefferson was worried about the "tyranny of the legislature." By 1861, Executive Branch power was at a peak in the hands of Abraham Lincoln, only to slip from the grasp of indifferent and incompetent Presidents until Scholar Woodrow Wilson could suggest in 1885 that Congress had become the dominant part of Government. By the time Wilson won the White House, though, the U.S. was assuming international responsibilities that gave new importance to the presidency. That power...
...against which other laws are judged. Instead, an exhaustive compendium of legal codes takes precedence, and the Soviet Supreme Court is not empowered to override such laws by invoking the constitution. "There is no system of checks and balances whereby the judiciary can say to the legislative branch, 'You can't do that, it's against the constitution," says Harold Berman, a Soviet legal expert at Emory University...
...West German constitution, written under the watchful eye of U.S. occupation leaders, sought to prevent the rise of another Hitler by limiting the executive branch. Recalls Joachim von Elbe, a Bonn legal expert: "We did not want to make the Germans just imitate the American constitutional model but rely on themselves to reform, rebuild and overcome the Nazi period." The framers decreed that the Bundestag, or parliament, could not oust a Chancellor without first choosing a successor. That has helped prevent a return of the political chaos that brought the Nazis to power in the 1930s...
Italians, with memories of Mussolini still fresh in their minds, went even further than the Germans in reining in the executive branch. While this has guarded against a new outbreak of tyranny, the inability of any one of Italy's parties to win a majority in parliament has led to frequent political turnover: Italy has had 46 governments since...
...resigned and would be replaced by Frank Olson, 54, who is currently head of the company's Hertz rental-car subsidiary. At the same time, for-sale signs were tacked onto Hertz as well as the Westin and Hilton International hotel chains, whose 149 hostelries constituted the third branch of the firm. Management also said it would seriously consider demands by the pilots for employee ownership. Finally, Olson recommended that the company's name, which had been changed only six weeks ago from UAL to Allegis (a combination of the words allegiance and aegis) at a cost of some...